Treatments

Dialysis

Dialysis is a life-saving treatment that performs some of the kidney’s functions when they can no longer filter waste and excess fluid from your blood. It is typically needed when kidney function drops below 10–15% (end-stage kidney disease). This guide explains how dialysis works, its types, and how to manage life during treatment.

What is Dialysis?

Dialysis acts as an artificial kidney, cleaning your blood and maintaining fluid and mineral balance. There are two main types:

• 1. Hemodialysis:
  • Blood is filtered through a machine (dialyzer) that removes waste and extra fluid.
  • Done 3–4 times weekly at a clinic or home, with each session lasting 3–5 hours.
  • Requires vascular access, such as an arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) or catheter.
• 2. Peritoneal Dialysis (PD):
  • Uses the lining of your abdomen (peritoneum) as a natural filter.
  • A dialysate fluid is pumped into the abdomen, absorbs waste, and is drained out.
  • Done daily at home, often overnight.

Preparing for Dialysis

• Vascular access: For hemodialysis, an AV fistula (surgically created vein-artery connection) is the preferred option. It takes 6–8 weeks to heal.
• Diet adjustments: Limit sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and fluids to reduce complications.
  • Avoid processed foods, bananas, and dairy products.
  • Work with a renal dietitian to create a balanced meal plan.
• Medications: Adjust doses of blood pressure drugs, phosphate binders, or insulin with your doctor’s guidance.

What Happens During Treatment?

• 1 Hemodialysis:
  • You’ll sit in a chair while a machine circulates your blood through a dialyzer.
  • Side effects may include low blood pressure, muscle cramps, or fatigue.
• 2. Peritoneal Dialysis:
  • A catheter in your abdomen allows fluid exchanges.
  • Risks include infections (peritonitis) or hernias.

Managing Life on Dialysis

• 1 Diet and fluids:
  • Protein needs increase to 1.2 g/kg/day to prevent muscle loss.
  • Limit fluids to avoid swelling and high blood pressure.
• 2. Exercise: Light aerobic activities (walking, cycling) 3–5 times weekly improve energy and heart health.
• 3. Mental health: Depression is common; counselling or support groups can help.

Traveling on Dialysis

• Plan ahead: Schedule treatments at a clinic near your destination
• For home dialysis, arrange supply deliveries with your care team